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Refraction Calculator

Science & Engineering

Snell's law + critical angle

Quick Answer

Refraction Calculator: Snell's law + critical angle. Refraction Calculator uses standard science & engineering formulas to compute accurate results instantly.

°
Refraction angle θ₂
32.05°
Bends TOWARD the normal (into denser medium)

Calculation steps

  1. 1Snell's law: n₁·sinθ₁ = n₂·sinθ₂
  2. 2sinθ₂ = 1.0003 × sin(45°) ÷ 1.333 = 0.5306
  3. 3θ₂ = asin(0.5306) = 32.05°

Refractive index table

Mediumn
Vacuum1
Air1.0003
Ice1.31
Water1.333
Ethanol1.36
Acrylic1.49
Crown glass1.5
Crystal2
Diamond2.417
Why a straw looks bent in water: light from the submerged part refracts away from the normal when exiting water, and your brain traces rays back in straight lines. Fiber optics are total-internal-reflection pipes (critical angle ~42° for glass→air). Diamond sparkles because its tiny critical angle (24.4°) traps light for multiple internal reflections.

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How to Use

  1. Enter known quantities: fill values and confirm units in the Refraction Calculator.
  2. Instant solution: unknowns solve live with the formula shown transparently.
  3. Use constant/material tables: standard physical constants and material data are listed on this page.
  4. Compare conditions: change inputs to compare scenarios.

Key Points

  • Refraction Calculator is a free online science & engineering tool — open and use, no sign-up.
  • All calculations run locally in your browser; your data never leaves the device.
  • Key capability: Snell's law + critical angle.
  • Results come with formulas and reference tables so you can verify every number.

Formula & How It Works

Refraction Calculator formula

Refraction Calculator uses standard science & engineering formulas to compute accurate results instantly.

FAQ

How do I use the Refraction Calculator?
Open the page and fill in the input fields — results update automatically. Snell's law + critical angle.
Are the results accurate?
Yes. Standard formulas and conversion factors are used and verified.
Is it free? Do I need to sign up?
Completely free. No registration, login or download required.
Does it work on mobile?
Yes. The responsive design works on phones, tablets and desktops.
Is my data saved?
No. Everything runs locally in your browser.

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Source & Updates

Based on CODATA recommended constants and standard physics formulas. Last updated: 2025-07

Last updated:

Formulas and content on this page are reviewed by the YiJianSuan team. For reference only — official sources prevail.

Maintained and periodically reviewed by the YiJianSuan editorial team — review process in ourEditorial Policy.

Cite this page: YiJianSuan. Refraction Calculator[EB/OL]. https://www.yijiansuan.com/en/c/science/refraction

Results provided by this tool are for reference only and do not constitute professional advice.